Maternal mortality ratio in nigeria is one of the highest in the world. The major causes of maternal mortality are as follows say and others 2014. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing maternal. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria. Levels and causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Maternal mortality is defined by the world health organization as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. Maternal mortality and factors affecting it, among.
List the steps to be taken to determine the magnitude of maternal morbiditymortality. In recent years, there has been increased recognition that reducing maternal mortality is not just an issue of development, but also an issue of human rights. A complete description of the methodology and underlying data and statistical model can be found. Given these complex realities, developing strategies to accelerate progress on maternal and newborn health remains a considerable challenge. And in 2015, mortality ratio for nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. Causes of maternal deaths in northern nigeria research cyber.
Maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. In 2010, 19 per cent of the 287,000 maternal deaths estimated worldwide took place in india who 2012. Previous studies on neonatal mortality in nigeria have indicated that low birth weight, lack of antenatal care, maternal illness, mothers age, prematurity, and birth asphyxia are linked with neonatal mortality, but these studies were all hospitalbased casecontrol and experimental studies 811. In 2007, it began to implement a national integrated maternal, newborn and child health. Many times, this often results in an inability to function properly and in many situations affects the victims economic, social and fertility roles. The measured maternal mortality rate is increasing the pregnancyrelated mortality ratio has increased but is now relatively stable disparities are persistent, and some causes of death may be increasing there are hints that efforts to improve identification have resulted in misclassification what is the extent of the false positives. The struggle to reduce high maternal mortality in nigeria. The state of the worlds children 2009 focuses on maternal and neonatal health and identifies the interventions and actions that must be scaled up to save lives. Causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. Doc major causes of maternal mortality in nigeria maimuna.
The major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality include haemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labour. Maternal mortality, nigeria adapted from a keynote paper entitled transforming health systems to improve lives of women and newborn babies in nigeria presented at the nigerian national health conference at uyo, akwa ibom state nigeria on 8 june 2009. Describe sources of existing information for identifying and investi gating maternal deaths. Define the main types and causes of maternal morbiditymortality. Between 2000 and 2017, the maternal mortality ratio mmr, number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births dropped by about 38% worldwide. In comparison, with 2014, the rate has not changed. We derived estimates of maternal mortality for 172 countries over the period 19902008.
The main causes of maternal death in nigeria can be avoided. Emergency obstetric care is critical to reducing maternal mortality. A majority of them died from severe bleeding, sepsis, eclampsia, obstructed labour and the consequences of unsafe abortions all causes for which there are highly effective interventions. Nigeria fights high maternal mortality through improved. Nov 14, 2017 the measured maternal mortality rate is increasing the pregnancyrelated mortality ratio has increased but is now relatively stable disparities are persistent, and some causes of death may be increasing. There are many reasons why maternal mortality in nigeria is so high, including a lack of access to healthcare, rampant poverty, substandard health care. However, there are also a multitude of indirect factors caused by. These analyses should inform the prioritisation of health policies, programmes, and funding to reduce maternal deaths at regional and global levels. Maternal deaths in northern nigeria the main causes of the reported high mortality ratio in northern nigeria are haemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and unsafe abortion, while the indirect causes include hepatitis, anaesthetic complications, hivaidsrelated.
Achievement of sexual and reproductive health is also a human rights issue. More than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc states. Trends in maternal mortality were estimated either directly from vital registration data or from a hierarchical or multilevel model, depending on the data available for a particular country.
High maternal mortality must be tackled at a much more fundamental level. The main causes of maternal death in nigeria can be. This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral. Currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. Sep 29, 2016 united nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigeria s maternal mortality rate has risen to 10 percent where about 111. Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The overall rate of maternal mortality in nigeria was 22 in 2015. This is a major indirect cause of maternal mortality in nigeria. Complications after unsafe abortion accounts for percent of maternal deaths.
Global maternal mortality rate the pregnancy related mortality and morbidity ratio is an estimate of the number of pregnancyrelated deaths and complications for every 100,000 live births. But the government of nigeria, together with international partners, is attempting to meet the challenge. Global worry over nigerias low rating in maternal health. In the complexities and uniqueness of nigerias current situation, it is suggested that the fundamental remedy is to stamp out the chaos in the country by getting the. Maternal mortality is the probability or percentage of mothers.
The use of sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality ratio in lagos state, nigeria. Mar 15, 2019 furthermore, nigerias maternal mortality is reported to be 545 per 100,000 births. Such a high incidence of maternal mortality causes huge losses of human life and social welfare. This observational study assessed the knowledge of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at two selected hospitals in abeokuta south, nigeria on the causes and risk factors of maternal mortality, identified barriers to knowledge acquisition, and examined the influence of parity of respondents on their knowledge of factors causing maternal mortality. Where possible we compare the main causes for adolescents with those for older. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in northcentral nigeria. May 05, 2011 the dedicated staff at murtala mohammed are on the forefront of the fight to reduce maternal mortality in northern nigeria, one of the most dangerous places in the world to be an expectant mother. Most maternal and neonatal deaths can be averted through proven interventions including adequate nutrition, improved hygiene practices, antenatal care, skilled health workers. Maternal anaemia is an important global health problem that affects about 500 million women of reproductive age. Oct 05, 2018 causes of maternal mortality in nigeria. As of 2015, the maternal mortality rate in nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. In 2017, an estimated 295,000 women died of causes related to pregnancy or childbirth.
Mar 19, 2018 currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral nigeria to determine the magnitude, trends, causes and characteristics of maternal deaths before and after the launch of the safe. Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. Maternal deaths in northern nigeria the main causes of the reported high mortality ratio in northern nigeria are haemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and unsafe abortion, while the indirect causes include hepatitis, anaesthetic complications, hivaidsrelated deaths and acute renal failure.
The etiology of maternal mortality can be categorized as medical, socio. Maternal mortality in a nigerian maternity hospital tspace. Abortion, ectopic pregnancies and hypertension were the most commonly mentioned cause of death during pregnancy, while anemia, prolonged. The dedicated staff at murtala mohammed are on the forefront of the fight to reduce maternal mortality in northern nigeria, one of the most dangerous places. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to india whose population is eight times larger than that of nigeria. In such settings, many newborns with asphyxia or infection can also be saved. Nigeria 3 nigeria maternal and newborn health disparities in 2015, 7,100,000 babies were born in nigeria, or around 19,500 every day. Therefore, reducing mmr faster is a fundamental national and international. Every single day, nigeria loses about 2,300 underfive year olds and 145 women of child bearing age, making the country the second largest contributor to underfive and maternal mortality rate in.
Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the world. Maternal health unfpa united nations population fund. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in northcentral. An estimated 287 000 maternal deaths occured worldwide in 2010, most of which were in lowincome and middleincome countries and were avoidable. The report which revealed that in subsahara africa, nigeria has a modeled estimate maternal mortality ratio of modeled estimate of 821 per 100,000 live. Severe maternal morbidity smm includes unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery that result in. The causes of maternal mortality in adolescents in low and. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north. The main causes of the death were haemorrhage 20 23. Causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria oye. Determinantscauses of maternal mortality in nigeria. Pdf maternal mortality has been described as one of the foremost and.
May 19, 2016 most maternal mortality occurs in the developing world. There were 8,724 lives births and 84 maternal deaths giving a mmr of. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage. The who, in collaboration with the united nations childrens fund, the united nations population fund, the world bank group, and the united nations population division, publishes global estimates of maternal mortality, which are excerpted in this chapter. Nation and has the maternal mortality rate of 280 to 1150 per 100,000 live births onwumere, 2010. Nigeria contributes 10% to worlds maternal mortality unfpa. Maternal mortality to improve maternal health, barriers that limit access to quality maternal health services must be identified and addressed at all levels of the health system. Maternal mortality has decreased significantly between 1990 and 2015 but not quickly enough to achieve the millennium development goal of a reduction of 75% in. In subsaharan africa, the danger of death during pregnancy or childbirth is known as maternal mortality is 175 times higher when compared to other. The annual average growth rate of maternal mortality for this period was 1.
According to unicef, a womans chance of dying from pregnancy and childbirth in nigeria is 1 in. While the main causes of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries are well understood, less is known about whether patterns for causes of maternal deaths among adolescents are the same as for older women. It was noted that apart from the medical related causes direct and indirect of maternal mortality, certain sociocultural and socioeconomic factors. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Preventable maternal mortality occurs where there is a failure to give effect to the rights of women to health, equality and nondiscrimination. Between 2003 and 2009, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis were responsible for more than half of maternal deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria.
Maternal mortality has been described as one of the foremost and most neglected health problems and human rights abused in the world. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing. Mmeig maternal mortality estimation interagency group mmr maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100 000 live births mmrate maternal mortality rate the number of maternal deaths divided by personyears lived by women of reproductive age pm proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age that are due to maternal causes. Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. Between 2006 to 2015, the rate of maternal mortality in nigeria increased by 30 percent. Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the.
This refers to the diseaseillness experienced by pregnant women. Jun 23, 2015 this high level of maternal mortality is also linked to nigerias high rate of deaths for children under 5newborns account for a quarter of the under five deaths which occur in the country. All five of the major direct causes of maternal death haemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders and obstructed labour can be treated at a wellstaffed, wellequipped health facility. Jul 01, 2015 maternal mortality is defined by the world health organization as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. The prevalence of maternal mortality in nigeria has become very disturbing as every birth procedure becomes a potential incidence, from the report above, there is at least one case of maternal mortality in every 20 live births. The actual number of maternal deaths in nigeria is difficult to. The who in year 2008 reported that worldwide, about 80 percent of maternal deaths are due to four major causes severe bleeding, infections, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy eclampsia and obstructed labour. An assessment of policies and programs for reducing maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. Nigeria to determine the magnitude, trends, causes and characteristics of maternal deaths before and. United nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigerias maternal mortality rate has risen to 10 percent where about 111.
The top leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity include hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion and obstructed labor. Causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria oyeadeniran. Public health strategies to prevent maternal mortality in nigeria the prevention of maternal mortality and consequent improvement in the maternal health of nigerian women is an allencompassing task, which though tedious. Currently, nigeria has the second highest burden of maternal mortality in the world and contributes about 15 percent of the annual total global deaths which represent two.